What is Hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness typically beginning in childhood or adolescence. Most often, these episodes involve a temporary inability to move muscles in the arms and legs. Attacks cause severe weakness or paralysis that usually lasts from hours to days.
Is hypokalemia a metabolic disorder?
Hypokalemia is a metabolic imbalance characterized by extremely low potassium levels in the blood. It is a symptom of another disease or condition, or a side effect of diuretic drugs.
What is Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?
Hyperkalemic PP is a muscle disease that has onset in infancy or early childhood and is manifested by transient episodes of paralysis, usually precipitated by cold exposure, rest after exercise, fasting, or the ingestion of small amounts of potassium [2,3].
How do you test for Hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Hypokalemic periodic paralyses Muscle strength is tested every 30 minutes. Full electrolyte profile is tested every 30 minutes for 3 hours and hourly for the next 2 hours. Weakness usually is detected within 2-3 hours, and if not patients should be considered for intravenous (IV) glucose challenge.
What is periodic paralysis?
Periodic paralysis (PP) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes sudden attacks of short-term muscle weakness, stiffness, or paralysis. These attacks may affect the whole body or just 1 or 2 limbs. There are several different forms of PP.
Can hypokalemia cause acidosis?
In hypokalemia, an intracellular acidosis can develop; in hyperkalemia, an intracellular alkalosis can develop.
How does hypokalemia cause metabolic alkalosis?
Enhanced distal Na+ delivery results in increased K+ loss and increased net acid excretion, which sustains the metabolic alkalosis. Hypokalemia adds to net acid excretion and increases ammoniagenesis perpetuating the severity of metabolic alkalosis.
What are signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?
Hyperkalemia symptoms include:
- Abdominal (belly) pain and diarrhea.
- Chest pain.
- Heart palpitations or arrhythmia (irregular, fast or fluttering heartbeat).
- Muscle weakness or numbness in limbs.
- Nausea and vomiting.
What is Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses?
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is the result of a genetic mutation in the skeletal muscle sodium channel gene. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait; most affected horses are heterozygotes. The classical signs are muscle fasciculation, spasm, and weakness associated with hyperkalemia.
What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?
What are the symptoms of low potassium levels?
- Muscle twitches.
- Muscle cramps or weakness.
- Muscles that will not move (paralysis)
- Abnormal heart rhythms.
- Kidney problems.
What is hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of skeletal muscle weakness with associated hypokalemia which is precipitated by stress, cold, carbohydrate load, infection, glucose infusion, hypothermia, metabolic alkalosis, anesthesia, and steroids.
What is the pathophysiology of periodic paralysis?
Abstract. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of skeletal muscle weakness with associated hypokalemia which is precipitated by stress, cold, carbohydrate load, infection, glucose infusion, hypothermia, metabolic alkalosis, anesthesia, and steroids.
Is hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOKPP) autosomal dominant?
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOKPP) is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that having a change (mutation) in only one copy of one of the responsible genes in each cell is enough to cause symptoms of the condition.
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