What are the different types of waveforms used in electrotherapy?
There are three basic waveforms used in commercial therapeutic electrical stimulation units: direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current.
What is waveform in electrotherapy?
A signal generator is an instrument which generates electrical signals at given waveform, frequency and amplitude. Electrotherapy equipment is a kind of signal generator which generates therapeutic signal waveforms in safe frequency and amplitude.
What voltage is used in electrotherapy?
Basic TENS devices have simple circuits that typically generate no more than 40-60 volts. Prescription devices may provide 100 volts.
Which type of current are mostly used in physical therapy?
Inferential current (IFC) electrical stimulation is a type of electrical stimulation that your physical therapist may use to help decrease your pain and improve circulation to injured tissues. 4 The IFC works much like TENS, but the current can be easily moved and varied to target your most painful area of injury.
What is polyphasic AC waveforms?
A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating-current (AC) electrical power where the power transfer is constant during each electrical cycle. Compared to a single-phase, two-wire system, a three-phase three-wire system transmits three times as much power for the same conductor size and voltage.
Which wave is used in physiotherapy?
Ultrasound therapy is an electrotherapy which has been used in physiotherapy practices for many years. It is mainly used for its non-thermal effect where high frequency sound waves cause vibrations and movement of cellular fluids.
Is a TENS unit AC or DC?
A standard TENS unit typically delivers a low-frequency (<50 Hz) alternating current to a focused treatment area.
What is pulsed current in electrotherapy?
Pulsed current is a brief unidirectional or bidirectional flow of charged particles composed of short pulses separated by a longer off period of no current flow. PC stimulation is characterized by a frequency, duration, and pulse. The pulse is defined by a waveform, amplitude, and duration.
Is Faradic current AC or DC?
The point here to note is faradic current is direct current but with a short duration interruption of 0.1 to 1 microsecond. The following figures differentiates between a alternating current (AC), direct current (DC), interrupted direct current. Indications of faradic type current.
What is the most common of all AC waveforms?
The most common type of AC is the sine wave. The AC in most homes and offices have an oscillating voltage that produces a sine wave.
What is isometric in physiotherapy?
The term isometric comes from the root words “iso,” meaning “same,” and “metric,” meaning length. During an isometric contraction, your muscle does not change in length and no motion occurs around the joint that that muscle surrounds.
What is the difference between the AC and out-of-phase AC voltage waveforms?
The AC voltage waveform V0 (0°) is applied by the j -phase electrode switch onto lower column electrodes, while the out-of-phase AC voltage waveform V0 (180°) is applied by the i -phase electrode switch onto upper row electrodes. An overhead LEICA APOZ6 microscope and camera (not shown) capture the on-chip microdrop motion.
What is the basic theory of AC waves?
Chapter 1 – Basic AC Theory. One cycle of a wave is one complete evolution of its shape until the point that it is ready to repeat itself. The period of a wave is the amount of time it takes to complete one cycle. Frequency is the number of complete cycles that a wave completes in a given amount of time.
What are the attributes of an AC waveform?
The primary attributes of an AC Waveform are identified as: the time period in seconds which the waveform requires to replicate itself through beginning to end. This could likewise be referred to as Periodic Time of the waveform with regard to sine waves, or the Pulse Width with regard to square waves.
What is the Vp-p value of alternating waveforms?
Occasionally, alternating waveforms are granted a peak-to-peak, Vp-p value which is merely the length or the sum in voltage involving the maximum peak value, +Vmax and the minimum peak value, -Vmax throughout one full cycle.