What is p15 cancer?
P15, a novel tumor-suppressor gene, has been reported to play an important regulatory role in the progression of various malignant tumors, such as pulmonary cancer, nasopharynx cancer, and kidney cancer [7].
What is p15 protein?
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B also known as multiple tumor suppressor 2 (MTS-2) or p15INK4b is a protein that is encoded by the CDKN2B gene in humans.
Is p15 a tumor suppressor gene?
p16 and p15 function as tumour suppressor genes and loss of their function can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
What is the function of CDKN2A?
The CDKN2A gene provides instructions for making several proteins. The most well-studied are the p16(INK4A) and the p14(ARF) proteins. Both function as tumor suppressors, which means they keep cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way.
What is CCND1 gene?
The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein. The human CCND1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (band 11q13). It is 13,388 base pairs long, and translates into 295 amino acids.
How common is CDKN2A mutation?
Germline CDKN2A mutations are rare in the whole population (<0.1%) with clusters seen in familial melanoma probands [1]. The function of CDK2A gene is that it codes for a number of proteins; among them tumour suppressors p16(INK4A) and unrelated p14(ARF) proteins.
What type of gene is CDKN2A?
CDKN2A is one of the most studied tumor suppressor genes. It encodes the p16-INK4a protein that plays a critical role in the cell cycle progression, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. Mutations in CDKN2A or dysregulation of its functional activity are frequently associated with various types of human cancer.
Is cyclin D1 a tumor suppressor?
The CDK4/6 and cyclin D1 complex phosphorylate the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein, which releases the transcription factor E2F, leading to cell proliferation and transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle.
What is the product of gene P15?
The product of gene XV, protein P15, is a soluble β-1,4-N -acetylmuramidase that degrades the peptidoglycan of the Gram-negative cell causing host cell lysis. The PRD1 particle carries another muramidase, protein P7, which has a lytic transglycosylase activity assisting in genome entry.
What is p14ARF in cancer?
p14ARF (also called ARF tumor suppressor, ARF, p14ARF) is an a lternate r eading f rame protein product of the CDKN2A locus (i.e. INK4a/ARF locus). p14ARF is induced in response to elevated mitogenic stimulation, such as aberrant growth signaling from MYC and Ras (protein).
How are p16INK4a and p14ARF involved in cell cycle regulation?
Both p16INK4a and p14ARF are involved in cell cycle regulation. p14ARF inhibits mdm2, thus promoting p53, which promotes p21 activation, which then binds and inactivates certain cyclin – CDK complexes, which would otherwise promote transcription of genes that would carry the cell through the G 1 /S checkpoint of the cell cycle.
Where is the INK4 gene located?
Its gene locus is on the short arm of chromosome 9 in humans, and on a corresponding location on chromosome 4 in mice. It is located near the genes for the tandem repeats INK4a and INK4b, which are 16 kDa (p16 INK4a) and 15 kDa (p15 INK4b) proteins, respectively. These INK4 proteins directly inhibit the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.