What is reformer heater?
Steam-methane reformer furnaces, or SMRs, are used in a number of common synthesis gas production applications. These may support the production of Ammonia, Methanol, Gas-to-Liquids, Hydrogen, or Reducing Gas.
What is the difference between furnace and reformer?
A fired heater is a heat exchanger. It exchanges the heat released by a flame produced by burning a fuel with a process fluid circulated inside a tube(s). The flame is in a chamber outside the tube(s). A reformer is an endothermic reactor.
What is a gas heated reformer?
The gas-heated reformer (GHR) is a compact, refractory-lined vertical vessel containing vertically-supported tubes filled with catalyst. Counter-current heat exchange with a product syngas from an upstream reformer (SMR or ATR) provides the heat for the endothermic reforming reaction.
What is pyrolysis furnace?
A pyrolysis furnace is a device used to generate products from various biodegradable materials via the process of temperature decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen. A pyrolysis furnace brings industrial benefits but corrodes under severe operating conditions.
How do fired heaters work?
Fired heaters rely on the flow of process fluids through the tubes to keep tube and firebox temperature down. If the temperature of the process fluid leaving the heater falls the control system calls for more fuel to be fed to the burners.
What is pigtail in reformer?
In most SMR designs, the relative thermal expansion between the catalyst tubes and the outlet manifolds is accommodated by tubes known as pigtails or hairpins, due to their often convoluted geometry. Pigtails carry the reformed gas from the catalyst tubes to the collection manifold.
What is a pre reformer?
The pre-reformer is an adiabatic catalytic reactor placed upstream the reformer in which the higher hydrocarbons contained in the natural gas feed are converted into methane thus preventing the formation of coke in the primary reformer feed preheat coil and at the catalyst tube inlet.
What happens during pyrolysis?
Pyrolysis is the heating of an organic material, such as biomass, in the absence of oxygen. Because no oxygen is present combustion does not occur, rather the biomass thermally decomposes into combustible gases and bio-char.
How do refinery heaters work?
What happens in the pre-reformer?
Pre-reforming is the process by which methane and heavier hydrocarbons are steam reformed and the products of the heavier hydrocarbon reforming are methanated. The adiabatic pre-reformer is usually positioned upstream of the main steam reformer and uses a catalyst with high nickel content.
What is the difference between reformate and reformer gas?
Reformate – This is an aromatics-rich naphtha range material that is either blended into gasoline or separated into component aromatic streams that are sold as petrochemicals feedstocks Reformer gas – This mixture of refinery gas and light liquids is sent to the gas plant for separation
What is the product from the reformer?
The product from the reformer (reformate) is a highly aromatic naphtha-range stream, as well as some by-product lighter material and hydrogen.
What is the product of the reformer in a nuclear reactor?
Also, for each reactor there is a furnace to inject additional heat as the reaction is endothermic. The product from the reformer (reformate) is a highly aromatic naphtha-range stream, as well as some by-product lighter material and hydrogen.
What is the purpose of a naphtha reformer?
The purpose of the reformer is to upgrade heavy naphtha into a high-value gasoline blend stock by raising its octane. The primary product of the reformer is reformate. However, it also generates large amounts of hydrogen that can be used in the hydrotreaters and hydrocrackers.